The Czech Republic As We Know It - 5172 Words

The current Czech Republic as we know it, was established in January of 1993 when Czechoslovakia split into two independent countries. The peaceful separation created the Czech Republic and an independent Slovakia. The history the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the once Czechoslovakia is rich and full of turmoil. History The indigenous population of Czechoslovakia were the Slavic tribes. These tribes were made up of West Slavs tribes who were the Poles, the Czechs and the Slovaks. The East Slavs tribes consisted of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusian s. The South Slavs tribes consisted of Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians Serbs and Slovenians. In 550 BC the Slavs began settling in the eastern Alps and by 800 BC Christianity was spreading across the Slovene lands. In 962 the Holy Roman Empire was established and in 1085 Vrastislav II became the first Czech king which started the Premyslid dynasty. The Premyslid dynasty ended with the death of King Wenceslas III in 1306. In 1414 Jan Hus, an outspoken Czech, started speaking out against the corruption in the Catholic Church. Jan would conduct sermons in Czech so the regular citizens could understand the message. Unfortunately Jan was to outspoken and was burnt at the stake one year later in the year 1415. The Hussite Wars commenced in 1420 and carri ed on for fourteen years and concluded in 1434. In 1458 the Hussites elected a Czech Protestant king named George of Podebrady. The Hapsburg Dynasty ruled the lands fromShow MoreRelatedCzech Cultural Analysis Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Analysis – Czech Republic Missouri University of Science and Technology ` table of contents table of contents ii 1.0 Czech vs u.s. Culture – hofstede’s model 3 2.0 Czech business culture – trompenaaris classificaion 7 3.0 U.S. Business culture change needed 7 4.0 bibliography 9 1.0 Czech vs u.s. Culture – hofstede’s model The Czech Republic has its roots as a former communist state known as Czechoslovakia. The fall of communism and the transformation to a democraticRead MoreBishop s Same Gender Couples Adoption1393 Words   |  6 PagesBishop Disapproves Same-Gender Couples Adoption Rights in Czech Republic In response to a change in the Czech Republic’s law now affirming the rights of LGB people adopting children, Bishop Vaclav Maly—chairman of the Justice and Peace Commission of the Czech Bishops’ Conference—stated: The model of the family, constituted by a man and a woman, has been proved over thousands of years and shown by numerous expert studies to serve a child s physical and psychological needs best,† according to anRead MoreThe Status Of The Czech Republic And Hungary1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Status of Women in the Czech Republic and Hungary â€Å"We know that anywhere in the world, where women prosper, societies prosper. In the interest of everyone is to include women in every part of society† is a quote by Catherine Ashton, who served as First Vice President of the European Union. Since the fall of communism and the entrance into the European Union over a decade ago, women in the Czech Republic and Hungary have faced a drastic change of lifestyle. Throughout communism, women had theRead MoreChipotle Marketing Plan5991 Words   |  24 Pagescompany focus is on using high-quality raw ingredients, (Chipotle Mexican Grill, 2015). Using fresh ingredients is the groundwork of the menu, but they also believe fresh is not enough any longer, (Chipotle Mexican Grill, 2015). Chipotle wants to know the sources for all of the ingredients in order to serve the freshest tasting food and to be mindful of the environmental and public impact of the business, (Chipotle Mexican Grill, 2015). Chipotle refers to this as â€Å" food with integrity†, (ChipotleRead MoreGmo Lab Report Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction During the course of this lab, we explored whether or not certain processed foods contained Genetically Modified Organisms. Genetically modified food is an important subject in the world today. Ever since Flavr Savr came out with their tomatoes grown from genetically modified seeds in 1994 genetically modified foods has become ever more popular amongst distributors of produce (Mestel, 2013). The world’s population has grown by around one billion in the last decade (US Bureau of theRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of mans complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desiresRead MoreCzech Republic8347 Words   |  34 PagesInternational Business Project: The Czech Republic International Business Project: The Czech Republic Introduction The Czech Republic is a small, landlocked country located in Central Europe, southeast of Germany, bordered by Austria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia. Slightly smaller than South Carolina, the Czech Republic covers 78.866 square kilometers (sq km): 77,276 sq km of land and 1,590 sq km of water. Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-HungarianRead MoreEssay on My Reasons for Applying to the ALT Position with JET.576 Words   |  3 Pageshome. Finally, should we decide to live in Japan permanently, experience with a distinguished, reputable organization like JET will prepare me for further employment opportunities within Japan. The ALT position with JET is an excellent opportunity for me in particular, because I’m a skilled ESL teacher with a wealth of experience. I’ve lived abroad in Chile, The Czech Republic, China, and Japan. I have seven years experience teaching ESL abroad, beginning in the Czech Republic, where I earned my TESOLRead MoreStarbucks : Internationalisation Process to Eastern Europe9590 Words   |  39 PagesATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COUNTRIES 38 MARKET ANALYSIS IN THE COUNTRIES SELECTED 39 1. EVOLUTION OF COFFEE PRICES 39 1.1. Czech Republic 39 1.2. Hungary 39 1.3. Poland 40 2. TRENDS IN COFFEE SALES 40 2.1. Czech Republic 40 2.2. Hungary 40 2.3. Poland 41 3. FOODSERVICE MARKET SHARE 41 3.1. Czech Republic 41 3.2. Hungary 42 3.3. Poland 43 4. FORECASTED GROWTH 44 4.1. Czech Republic 44 4.2. Hungary 44 4.3. Poland 45 5. SUMMARY TABLE (PERIOD: BETWEEN 2002 AND 2004) 45 MARKETING STRATEGY 47 1Read MorePersonality Predictors Of Successful Development : Toddler Temperament And Adolescent Personality Traits914 Words   |  4 Pagesones’ personality affects his/her satisfaction with their quality of life in adulthood. They believe that personality traits play a major role in who/what you become in the future and they wanted to see if they could predict it. If yes, they wanted to know how early? – As early as childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. 2b) The authors provided the reader a lot of information on the topic. Each topic was very well explored. A lot of different information on different but similar studies. The authors

Stefan’s Diaries Bloodlust Chapter 23 Free Essays

October 9, 1864 Iam not supposed to have a heart. A bullet went through it nearly three weeks ago, and no blood of my own will ever pump through it again. The only blood that now courses through my veins is that of whomever I happen to attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now And yet something about Callie causes my dead heart to flutter and the stolen blood to quicken in my body. Is it real? Or is it a mere memory of something that used to be? Damon once told me that on the battlefield, boys who’d undergone amputations still woke up to agonizing pain in their legs or cried for the hand that ached, though those limbs were no longer part of them. But while those boys had phantom limbs, it seems I have a phantom heart. In my short time in New Orleans, I’ve learned about my Power. It’s what has driven me, what I’ve thrived on, what makes me a vampire. But that’s not the only power I possess. The other kind isn’t exciting, or thrilling, or dangerous. It’s mundane and tedious–the exercising of control over my Power. I’ve had to learn to suppress my urges to fit in and to remain with Lexi. Yet when I was with Callie at the show, it was as though my two powers were at cross-purposes, each threatening to destroy the other in a private battle in my brain. Now she enters my thoughts constantly. The constellation of freckles on her skin. Her long eyelashes. Her vibrant smile. I can’t help but admire the way she wields her own power. How she commands the attention and respect of her father’s employees, but also how she grows soft around me, cuddling close when she thinks no one is looking. I think of my hand interlaced with hers. And every time an image of Callie floats to my consciousness, I curse myself. I should be stronger than this. I shouldn’t think of her. I should put her out of my mind, write her off as a silly little girl who is lucky I’m letting her live. But deep down, despite my Power, I know Callie has control over me–and my phantom heart. The next morning, I returned to the freak show, with only one thing on my mind: freeing Damon. â€Å"Hello, friend!† the strong man, Arnold, greeted me as I walked through the gateway to the fairgrounds. â€Å"Hello,† I muttered. The tattooed woman came up behind him and gazed at me quizzically. Without her India-inked designs, she was actually quite pretty, with high cheekbones and wide, inquisitive eyes. â€Å"What are you doing here?† I grunted in response. â€Å"Youll want to apologize to Callie.† She pointed at the side of the tent. So Callie had already told her friends about our disastrous evening. Just as I had feared. I walked around the grounds until I saw Callie kneeling over a piece of birch wood at her feet. Paint splattered her overalls, and her red hair was twisted on top of her head and held in place by a single, slender, long-handled paintbrush. The sign said: A PENNY A PEEK: A REAL, LIVE, HUNGRY VAMPIRE. ENTER IF YOU DARE! Underneath was a crude drawing of a vampire: fangs elongated, eyes squinting, blood trickling down both sides of his mouth. The features were Damons, but it was clear Callie had drawn significant artistic inspiration from the burlesque show last night. Callie looked up, catching me staring. Her mouth made a round O, and she dropped her brush onto the canvas. A large black spot suddenly appeared on Damons face. â€Å"Look what you made me do,† she said angrily. I stuck my hands in my pockets, subtly sniffing the air for traces of Damon. â€Å"Im sorry.† Callie sighed in annoyance. â€Å"I dont need your apologies. I just need you to stop distracting me so I can get some work done.† â€Å"Do you want me to help you fix the painting?† The words were out of my mouth before I could stop them. They hung between us for a long moment, both of us seemingly surprised by my offer. â€Å"Fix the painting?† Callie echoed, putting her hands on her hips. â€Å"Am I hearing you correctly? Fix thepainting?† â€Å"Yes?† I fumbled. â€Å"Are you aware that you left me last night to get home alone, with no explanation?† Her chin was jutted out, and her stance was aggressive, but her lower lip wobbled, and I could tell she was hurt. â€Å"Callie,† I began. Excuses flew through my head.I work for your father. We should not sneak around. You’re just a girl, and I’m a vampire Even though part of me was furious at her for allowing her father to parade Damon around like livestock, to let him fight perhaps until death, the other part knew that she had as little sway over her father as Id had with mine. And now all I could think about was making her lip stop wobbling. â€Å"Its better this way,† I said, twisting my ring around my finger. She shook her head and stabbed the sharp wooden end of the paintbrush into the dirt. It remained there, as if it were a tiny surrender flag after a battle. â€Å"No explanation necessary. Weve known each other a week. You dont owe me an explanation. Thats the best thing about strangers: You dont owe them anything,† she said crisply. I rocked back on my heels. A silence hung between us. The image of Damon glared up at me, seemingly mocking my ineffectiveness. â€Å"Well, arent you going to get to work?† she asked. â€Å"Or are we just paying you to stand around?† Before I could turn to leave, Jasper burst out of a small black tent at the edge of the property. â€Å"We need some extra hands!† A lanky man trailed behind him, cradling his forearm close to his chest. Callie leaped to her feet. â€Å"What happened?† As the man held out his hand, blood flowed down his arm onto the ground. I averted my eyes. Even so, pain rippled along my jaw as I felt my fangs grow. â€Å"The vampires fighting today. We need more men.† Jasper gasped breathlessly, his eyes falling on me. â€Å"Stefan,† Callie said in a tone that wasnt a question. Jasper and the stocky man stared at me. â€Å"Well then, come on, new guy. Show us youre Gallagher material,† Jasper said, jerking his chin in the direction of the tent. â€Å"Of course,† I said slowly, a plan forming in my mind. I could pick out four separate heartbeats in the tent. There would be copious amounts of vervain, of course, but Id been feeding regularly enough that I might be able to overcome the men. Four I could handle, but five I turned to Jasper. â€Å"Why dont you and Callie take care of your man here and Ill join the others in the tent?† â€Å"I’m coming, brother,† I added under my breath. Callie squinted at me. â€Å"Did you say something?† â€Å"No,† I said quickly. Jasper shifted from foot to foot, sizing me up with his eyes. â€Å"Callie will take care of Charley here, and Ill take care of you. Teach you the tricks of monster wrangling,† he said, clapping me on the back, pushing me toward the tent. With each step the scent of vervain grew stronger, curdling the blood in my veins. Together, we entered the tent. The interior was hot and dark, the stench of vervain nearly suffocating me. It took every ounce of my strength not to bend at the waist and scream in agony. I forced my eyes open and looked at my brother, who was chained in the corner. Four men yanked on his restraints, trying desperately to keep him in place. The second Damons eyes landed on me, his face lit up. â€Å"Welcome to hell, brother,† Damon whispered, his lips barely moving as he locked eyes with me. Then he turned to Jasper. â€Å"So, Jasp,† he said, in a conversational tone, as if they were just two men engaged in a friendly talk at a tavern, â€Å"you found a new sap to do your dirty work. Well, come on, brother. Lets see if you can stake me.† â€Å"His bark is worse than his bite,† Jasper said, holding out a stake to me. From its stench I could tell it had been soaked in vervain. â€Å"Give me your gloves,† I said with an air of authority. Touching the wood would give me away instantly. â€Å"Wont give you much protection. Those fangs can go through anything,† Jasper protested. â€Å"Just give them to me,† I said through clenched teeth. Damon watched the exchange intently, clearly enjoying my predicament. â€Å"Okay, if theyll make you more comfortable. † Jasper shrugged and handed me his leather gloves. I pulled them over my hands and took the stake from Jasper, my hands trembling slightly. How could something so light be so deadly? Damon let out a low chuckle. â€Å"Is this the best you could rustle up? He looks about ready to keel over.† I glared at my brother. â€Å"I’m trying to save you,† I whispered. Damon just snorted derisively. â€Å"Please,† I added. â€Å"Please what?† he said, wrapping the chains around his hands. â€Å"Please let me save you.† â€Å"Sorry. Can’t help you there,† he said, before yanking on the chains. Two of the guards fell to the ground in surprise. â€Å"Do something!† Jasper said gruffly. â€Å"Youve got to stick him, let him know his place.† â€Å"Listen to your boss,† Damon sneered.†Be a man and stab me. A real man isn’t afraid of blood, isn’t that right?† Jasper bent down and grabbed a stake from the ground. â€Å"Cmon, boy. Earn your keep,† he said, using the side of the stake to nudge me forward. I gasped. Pain shot up and down my skin, as if Id been touched by a hot poker. Damon laughed again. The flap opened, and Callie poked her head through the tent. I looked wildly over at her. â€Å"Callie, you shouldnt be here!† Both she and Damon looked at me quizzically. A sickening feeling spread through my limbs. The vervain, the heat, the stakes Just then, with a simple twist from his chains, Damon broke free and lunged toward Callie. Callie shrieked, and Jasper dove to shield her. Time seemed to stop, and without thinking, I hurled my stake through Damons belly. He fell backward, gasping, blood spurting from the wound. â€Å"I said, please!† I hissed wildly, in a voice only Damon could hear. Callie cowered near the flap, her eyes wide as she glanced between me and Damon. Damon looked up, wheezing as he pulled the stake from his stomach. Then I heard the faintest, hoarse whisper over the shouts of Jasper and the trainers as they moved to re-chain Damon. â€Å"Then please know that your hell hasn’t even yet begun, brother.† How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 23, Essay examples

Liking is for Cowards free essay sample

Part of your essay must focus on how Jonathan Franzen tries to engage a young audience and on the message of the essay. Jonathan Franzen’s speech was given to the college students at Kenyon, Ohio, USA. The introduction part of the speech is Jonathan Franzen talking about his relationship to his newly purchased phone, and how he got rid of his old one. Choosing the subject of smartphones, definitely points in the direction of a younger audience, since adults rarely care for technology as much as the youth usually does. â€Å"†¦ I replaced my three-year-old BlackBerry Pearl with a much more powerful BlackBerry Bold†. Obviously enough the speech isn’t an advertisement about what the new BlackBerry Bold can do, but since young people relate to technology, the college students might have their interest awoken of the wisely chosen subject. Continuing with the subject of phones the speech giver furthermore uses metaphors such as: â€Å"†¦ or doing that spreading-the-fingers iPhone thing that makes images get bigger† to engage his audience. Jonathan Franzen mentions the word â€Å"sexy† and then compares a perfectly working erotic relationship to magic: â€Å"And how, when we want to describe an erotic relationship that’s working perfectly, we speak, indeed, of magic†. He could’ve used a lot of other comparisons, but again he choses a subject very important to a young community at a college – eroticism. Getting past the introduction of the speech the author gradually presents the message of the text – love/passion for your interests: â€Å"Let me suggest, finally, that the world of techno-consumerism is therefore troubled by real love, and that it has no choice but to trouble love in turn†. He hereby tries to create a judicial separation between the passionate real love, and the love for material goods. The speech giver mentions how material love is very costly for one to maintain, since: â€Å"The message, in each case, is that if you love somebody you should buy stuff†. Cleverly enough he lets the low budget students know, that not only is the love for material goods expensive to maintain, it’s also not nearly as lasting and beneficial for yourself as real love. He sets up his own point as being the only smart choice in this scenario. Moving on with the speech, Jonathan Franzen selects another topic related to the youth in general Facebook: â€Å"A related phenomenon is the transformation, courtesy of Facebook, of the verb â€Å"to like†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ingeniously he talks about another very noteworthy point in his speech, using Facebook as the â€Å"motivator†. Bringing up Facebook as a subject encourages the students to keep their interest in the speech, and makes it easier for the speech giver to maintain his audiences focus on his actual point. That point being, â€Å"Liking is for Cowards†. Jonathan Franzen discusses the concept of being likable compared to being loved, and it clearly shines through that being liked is not an option in his opinion: â€Å"If you dedicate your existence to being likable, however, and if you adopt to make it happen, it suggest that you’ve despaired of being loved for who you really are†. Being liked is in his opinion fake, and in most cases it’s only for the nonce. The parallel to maintaining technology, his first topic of the speech, is easily drawn to maintaining the occasion of being liked. In both instances you have to stay updated, whether it’s buying a new phone or changing your haircut they’re both just temporarily and require a lot of dedication. The question being, would anyone want to invest all of his or her time in something only momentarily likable, when you can be loved just as you are? The authors’ opinion shines through: â€Å"The simple fact of the matter is that trying to be perfectly likable is incompatible with loving relationships†. – â€Å"†¦ Something realer than likability has come out in you, and suddenly you’re having an actual life†. Jonathan Franzen hereby states, that being liked is fictional, and not something you can actually experience whilst living your real life. Being liked have been created by the Internet, and can only be experienced over the Internet. The reason being: â€Å"There is no such thing as a person whose real self you like every particle of. This is why a world of liking is ultimately a lie†. – â€Å"But there is such a thing as a person whose real self you love every particle of†. Having set up the clear separation between being liked and being loved, the speech giver moves on with the topic of risks involved with loving, being loved and why this is worth it. â€Å"†¦ And yet pain hurts but it doesn’t kill†. – â€Å"To go through a life painlessly is to have not lived. † Instead of using metaphors, hidden messages or anything a like, Jonathan Franzen uses examples from his own life to prove his points to his audience in the last part of the speech. This makes it easier for the students to relate to him, which again makes it easier for the speech giver to make his message shine through: â€Å"When I was in college, and for many years after, I liked the natural world†. â€Å"†¦ even a pigeon or a robin, I could feel my heart overflow with love. And love, as I’ve been trying to say today, is where our troubles begin†. Jonathan Franzen builds up his message, and keeps the suspense going. At this point of the speech the audience properly already know what his message to themselves is, but he decides to drag it out as long as possible. This is certainly related to the feeling of watching a movie involving a bomb about to explode, a feeling all of the students have definitely had: â€Å"And here’s where a curious paradox emerged† – â€Å"How does this happen? †. Lastly the author ends his speech with a clear message to the students of the Kenyon college: â€Å"†¦ But when you go out and put yourself in real relations to real people, or even just real animals, there’s a real danger that you might love some of them. And who knows what might happen to you then? . The author uses a lot of rhetorical means to engage his young audience, some of them being: choosing subjects the youth easily relates to, bringing meaningful things of their lives to discussion – Facebook being one of these, keeping their interest awoken by changing subjects a lot, yet he manages to draw a clear red line through his entire speech, dragging out his message as long as possible, to make sure everyo ne is listening when he closes his speech with the message to the college. The message is obvious to anyone at this point: live your life, maintain your passions, take the necessary risks of love if needed, or you’ll end up being liked and disliked, in a virtual world without real love and real pain for that matter. The title of his speech perfectly sums up the message: â€Å"Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts†.

Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay Example

Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century Essay The Inspector starts his enquires with Mr. Birling, who is a prosperous business manufacturer. He is not from the same social class as his wife, Sybil. He is confident but betrays his lack of social graces, we see this when his wife corrects him, Arthur, youre not supposed to say such things We can also see that Mr. Birling is aware of business advantages from the union of the two families. Mr. Birlings business aspirations come into the open when he tells Gerald about his knighthood, theres a fair chance that I might find my way into the next Honours List. Just a knighthood, of course. These are all good examples of how being higher up the social hierarchy in this era was regarded as being extremely important. Mr. Birling also shows us the attitude towards women at the time. His involvement with Eva Smith goes back two years. He employs hundreds of women so is obviously a successful businessman. He sacked her because she asked for a pay rise; he did it without consideration of personal consequences for Eva Smith and refuses to accept responsibility. As his impatience grows we see his true colours, obviously it has nothing whatever to do with the wretched girls suicide. This is a good example of how women in the lower or working class meant nothing to the upper class. He does not seem to be at all bothered about what has happened to this girl and finds it all a complete nuisance. We also see later on that the only reason this was a nuisance is because if it were to get out in the open it would be a great threat to the chance of Mr. Birling getting a knighthood. This once again shows how important climbing the class hierarchy was to people of this era, even more important than a womans life. We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Attitudes towards woman at the begging of the twentieth century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The next person the Inspector questions is Sheila. Sheila tried an item of clothing on in the shop where Eva worked but it didnt suit her. I caught sight of this girl smiling at Miss Francis and I was absolutely furious. So she went to the manager and said that Eva had been impertinent. Furthermore that Eva must be sacked immediately otherwise she would persuade her mother to shut her account with them. Obviously her mothers account was worth a lot more to the company than one working class girl. She did this out of jealousy, embarrassment and vanity, which we later go on to see is similar to her mother. Afterwards though she feels upset and guilty. This once again shows that the attitudes towards women especially in the lower class were poor ones. Next the Inspector questioned Gerald, Sheilas fianci. He had an affair with Eva, but she had changed her name so he knew her as Daisy Renton. His affair with her gave him sex and a sense of being a hero. This affair is not criticised by Sheilas parents though as in that time this was a thing that higher-class men would often do. He is embarrassed, defensive and looks for ways out of feeling guilty. Gerald suggests, young women ought to be protected against unpleasant and disturbing things which is quiet ironic considering he cheated on Sheila and used Daisy as a prostitute. From the way he treated these two women we can see that he did not have a lot of respect for either of them. This was often the case in this era, men went around doing as they pleased and the women were just seen as second-class citizens who could be treated however the men pleased. Mrs. Birling is the next one to be questioned by the Inspector. Mrs. Birling met Daisy when she came to Mrs. Birlings womens charity asking for help. She needed help, as she was unemployed, homeless and pregnant. Mrs. Birling refuses to help Daisy, she says that she was personally insulted and lied to. Just like Mr. Birling she is angry and refuses responsibility. We see that people in the higher class had the right to decide whether or not the lower class deserved help and whether or no they were telling the truth. Mrs. Birling puts her foot in it firstly when she says, I blame the young man who was the father of the child she was going to have. If, as she said, he didnt belong to her class, and was some drunken young idler, then thats all the more reason why he shouldnt escape. She then goes on to say, hed be entirely responsible and that he ought to be dealt extremely severely. We then go on to see that the man she is talking about is in fact her own son Eric. The I So from the source we can learn that Polly Nicholls murder consisted of extraordinary violence. Inspector ends his enquires with Eric, who got Daisy pregnant. The fact that once more Daisy was used as prostitute, and also used for a mans pleasure and then dropped when he felt like it. He got her pregnant and although he did try to help her afterwards by giving her money other than that he made no real effort to help her. This once again shows how being a lower class woman in this era was just about as low as you could get in the class hierarchy. Afterwards he does realise though what he did was irresponsible and he does feel guilty for it. Like Sheila he also wishes that the others would take responsibility for their parts leading up to the death of Daisy. In conclusion we can see that An Inspector calls tells us a lot about the class hierarchy and attitudes towards women in the begging of the twentieth century. We see that women were treated very badly by men and sometimes even by other women who were in higher classes to themselves. We also see how the higher up you were in the class system the easier it was for you and the easier it was for you to get your own way in matters.

Child Development1 essays

Child Development1 essays Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year of life. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. In this paper I will discuss the physical growth and development patterns of an infant all the way through adulthood. Development is the baby's increased skill in using various body parts. When dealing with a development of a child there are three basic development rules. First development rule: This rule says that babies develop in the head region first, then the trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. For example, a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with their hand. Also they can feed themselves before they can walk. Second development rule: The second development rule explains that children develop from the mid line, or center of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. Third development rule: Finally, this rule reveals that, as the brain develops, a child responds to more and more sights and sounds in their environment. Furthermore, they learn to respond to much finer details. A general rule is that a baby increases in height by 50% and triples its birth weight in the first year. Clearly, this is a very rapid growth rate; however, the rate of growth slows down after infancy. At three months, a baby is alert and responding to the world. When put on their tummy, they can hold their chest and head up for ten seconds. They try to swipe at toys hung over the crib. They turn their heads toward an interesting sound or listen to voices. Babies love to stare at people's faces. They coo and gurgle. At six months a baby is developing control over its body. They can sit with support and may sit alone for short periods of time. They can roll over. They will hold out their arms to be lifted up or reach and grab an object. They can hold their own bottles and toys. They laugh out loud, babbles, "calls" for help and screams when annoyed. A...

Observations on What Is Language

Observations on What Is Language Language- more specifically human language- refers to the grammar and other rules and norms that allow humans to make utterances and sounds in a way that others can understand, notes linguist  John McWhorter, an associate professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. Or as Guy Deutscher said in his seminal work, The Unfolding of Language:  An Evolutionary Tour of Mankinds Greatest Invention, language is what makes us human. Discovering what is language, then, requires a brief look at its origins, its evolution through the centuries, and its central role in human existence and evolution. Greatest Invention If language is mankinds greatest invention, it is supremely ironic that it was actually never invented. Indeed, both Deutscher  and McWhorter, two of the worlds most renowned linguists, say the origin of language remains as much as mystery today as it was in biblical times. No one, says Deutscher, has come up with a better explanation than the tale of the  Tower of Babel,  one of the saddest and most significant stories in the Bible. In the biblical fable, God- seeing that people of the earth had become skilled in construction and had decided to build an  idolatrous tower, indeed an entire city, in ancient  Mesopotamia  that stretched to the heavens- infused the human race with a myriad of tongues so that they could no longer communicate, and could no longer build a massive edifice that would replace the almighty. If the tale is apocryphal, its meaning is not, as Deutscher notes: Language often seems so skilfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this instrument make so much out of three dozen measly morsels of sound? In themselves, these configurations of the mouth- But, if you run these sounds through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, says Deutscher, arrange them in some special way and define how they are be ordered by rules of  grammar, you suddenly have language, something that an entire group of people can understand and use to communicate- and indeed to function and a viable society. Chomskyan Linguistics If languages mysterious origin sheds little light on its meaning, it can be helpful to turn to Western societys most renowned- and even controversial- linguist: Noam Chomsky. Chomsky is so famous that an entire subfield of linguistics (the study of language) has been named after him. Chomskyian linguistics is a  broad term for the principles of  language  and the methods of language study introduced and/or popularized by Chomsky  in such groundbreaking works as Syntactic Structures  (1957) and Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965). But, perhaps Chomskys most relevant work for a discussion on language is his 1976 paper, On the Nature of Language. In it, Chomsky directly addressed the meaning of language in a way that foreshadowed the later assertions of  Deutscher  and McWhorter. The nature of language is considered as a function of knowledge attained...[T]he language faculty may be regarded as a fixed function, characteristic of the species, one component of the human mind, a function which maps experience into grammar. In other words, language is all at once a tool and the mechanism that determines how we relate to the world, to each other, and, even to ourselves. Language, as noted, is what makes us human. Expressions of Humanity Famed American poet and existentialist, Walt Whitman, said that language is the sum total of all that humans experience as a species: Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. Language, then, is the sum of all human experience since the beginning of humankind. Without language, humans would be unable to express their feelings, thoughts, emotions, desires, and beliefs. Without language, there could be no society and possibly no religion. Even if Gods wrath at the building of the Tower of Babel led to a plethora of tongues throughout the world, the fact is that they are still tongues, languages that can be deciphered, studied, translated, written, and communicated. Computer Language As computers communicate with humans- and with each other- the meaning of language may soon change. Computers talk through the use of  programming language. Like human language, computer language is a system of grammar, syntax, and other rules that allow humans to communicate with their PCs, tablets, and smartphones, but also allows computers to communicate with other computers. As  artificial intelligence  continues to advance to a point where computers can communicate with each other without the intervention of humans, the very definition of language may need to evolve also. Language will still always be what makes us human, but it may also become the tool that allows machines to communicate, express needs and wants, issue directives, create, and produce through their own tongue. Language, would then, become something that was initially produced by humans but then evolves to a new system of communication- one that has little or no connection to human beings.

Wal-Mart goes smaller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Mart goes smaller - Essay Example Well there will be some complaints from small business owners in those towns, but they do not have the same financial might as big corporations. Bigger cities are unafraid at what a Walmart store may bring to the local market. Finally, I also think that some people in the cities are put off by Walmart because they see it as a corporate giant that does not have the best interests of the local citizens at heart. This longstanding reputation has hurt the brand image of Walmart and made city people more aware of what the company can bring to the big smoke. 2) One of the main criticisms of Walmart entering the cities was that the stores were too big for zoning requirements. In order to meet this objective, Walmart executives allowed these urban stores to be no more than 8,000 square feet. This is a huge change for Walmart because the company has been so successful with large stores of more than 42,000 square feet. It says a lot that the company was willing to change its strategy so much in order to be allowed to open stores in the big cities. It is good that Walmart has compromised and find a way to meet zoning requirements. Walmart has also changed its range of products, with customers in the big cities only able to pick up groceries from the store. All other products can be ordered online and then picked up. 3) From an operations management point of view, Walmart will not be able to use economies of scale to its advantage. Because of the limited space available in store, Walmart will have to only keep a select few products on display. This can lead to slow response times and slow down the supply chain completely. Walmart has been successful for so long due to its efficient supply chain, and by giving that away the company may lose ground to some of its competitors. The consumer will be impacted by these changes greatly. Because of the smaller amount of stock available, as well as the fact that

Political science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political science - Research Paper Example ossible for hyperglobalization to be fully-embraced by countries without negative consequences.This is because one way or another, there will always be clauses within international policies set by the WTO that can either be beneficial or detrimental to a country’s growth, of which it may be impossible to fully change or circumvent these policies in the country’s favor. In turn, the government has to choose between following the international policy at the cost of the economy and of the local market, or be subject to the sanctions imposed to countries when these are unable to comply with international standards. Either way, unless governments are able to strike a balance between smart globalization and national democracy, it can be expected that local and international trade policies will always clash, and the government and its economy will bear the burden of its effects. Issues on hyperglobalization arose from incompatibilities between national interest and of international policy implementation. The issues that arose from Argentina’s economic problems in the 1990’s were able to capture the essence of the inherent incompatibility of hyperglobalization with national democracy, wherein the over-reliance of politicians to â€Å"tried-and-tested† methods of maintaining economic growth became its downfall upon the crash of the Asian markets and the devaluation of neighboring Brazil’s currency(185). Due to the reluctance of some politicians to change economic and trade laws that were considered obsolete even by then-standards, the crises that came about and resulted to the overvaluation of the Argentinian peso with respect to other neighboring countries made investments less profitable. This caused a large amount of capital to be pulled out from the country, which in turn cascaded into wider panic among citizens as more and mor e people pulled out their money from financial institutions and essentially reduced the monies circulating and fueling the economy. The

Fast casual restauran Essay Example for Free

Fast casual restauran Essay An Analysis of The Bread of Salt by NVM Gonzalez (In which irony had it once again.) *** Arturo Pà ©rez-Reverte, in his exhilarating novel The Flanders Panel wrote, â€Å"There’s nothing more misleading than an obvious fact.† (Pà ©rez-Reverte, 1990. p. 76) It’s a philosophy to which most w Premium1668 Words7 Pages Dead Star Analysis Bread of Salt Name: | Subject: Lit 1N| Year, Section: MT1218| Date: 1/23/13| Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez| THEME: (What does the story make you see about human life (or the S. H.E) The theme of the story is that sometimes, unexpected things happen rapidly in a short period of time and one da Premium1111 Words5 Pages Feminist Reading the Bread of Salt I. Introduction Throughout the course of history, there has been an evolution of courtship ideals. In the past, courtship had patriarchy present. Before, the males were always the one chasing the females. The men had to be the one to impress or chase after the girl. However, whenever a female t Premium3165 Words13 Pages The Bread of Salt The bread of salt As an author, N.V.M. Gonzalez usually wrote about the Filipino life and Filipinos in general. One of his most remarkable short stories is The Bread of Salt. The story is about a young boy who was very much in love with a girl named Aida but he was turned down mainly because of Premium575 Words3 Pages Bread of Salt The Bread of Salt by NVM Gonzalez (1958) U sually I was in bed by ten and up by five and thus was ready for one more day of my fourteenth year. Unless Grandmother had forgotten, the fifteen centavos for the baker down Progreso Street and how I enjoyed jingling those coins in my pocket!- woul Premium3639 Words15 Pages Panera Bread Case Analysis Hyapatia Green Panera Bread Case Analysis June 10, 2010 Overview Panera Bread, also called St. Louis Bread Company was founded in 1981. Rated high as a bakery-cafà © restaurant, they serve a variety of breads, soups, and salads. Panera is considered a â€Å"quick casual† restaurant offering Premium1103 Words5 Pages Bread of Salt As an author, N.V.M. Gonzalez usually wrote about the Filipino life and Filipinos in general. One of his most remarkable short stories is â€Å"The Bread of Salt†. The story is about a young boy who was very much in love with a girl named Aida but he was turned down mainly because of the difference i Premium561 Words3 Pages The Bread of Salt The Bread of Salt a theatrical adaptation by lit14bakeshop based on the story â€Å"The Bread of Salt† by N.V.M. Gonzales SCENE I [background: bakery at the left, Spaniard’s house with the veranda in the middle, boy’s house/room at the right. A lamp post is in t Premium2138 Words9 Pages Salt Analysis CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL NOTES SALT ANALYSIS S.No.| EXPERIMENT| OBSERVATION| INFERENCE| 1(a)| Noted the colour of the salt| BluePale greenGreenPale pinkColourless| May be Cu2+May be Fe2+May be Ni2+, Cu2+May be Mn2+Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ | (b)| Noted the physical state of Premium1896 Words8 Pages Bread of Salt The Bread of Salt Summary It was his assigned duty to be up early in the morning and be on his way to the baker’s to buy rolls and pan de salt for the breakfast table. He was fourteen and he has already got used to his task. On his way he thought of the bread of salt – pan de salt – and Premium1468 Words6 Pages Panera Bread Company Case Analysis Panera Bread Company’s Growth Strategy Case Analysis Among the crowded field of casual, quick-service restaurants in America, the distinctive blend of genuine artisan bread and a warm, comfortable atmosphere has given Panera Bread Company a golden opportunity to capture market share and re Premium2325 Words10 Pages Bread Talk Marketing Analysis BREAD TALK GROUP (Bakery) Number of brands under Bread talk group ( bakery) 1) Bread talk 2) Toast Box 3) The icing room 4) Bread Society Macro- environment: * Economic: There is a rise in income for most middle and lower income earners, making the bread sold price inelastic Premium1208 Words5 Pages The Bread Salt THE BREAD OF SALT Characters †¢ BOY – main character of the play (Note: He doesn’t have a name in the story..) †¢ AIDA – object of the boy’s affections †¢ PETE SAEZ – guy who invites the boy to join his band †¢ OTHER BANDMATES – preferably two guys †¢ JOSEF Premium312 Words2 Pages Analysis: Chemistry Salt Chemistry Salt Analysis Cheatsheet Version 2.0  © 2008 Ankur Banerjee All Rights Reserved. Only important stuff for CBSE Class 12th Chemistry practical syllabus has been included, not everything. 2. WE + acidified K2Cr2O7 2 = sol 3 turns green 3. WE + acidified KMnO4 = pink colour of KMnO4 is d Premium1401 Words6 Pages Bread Haven â€Å"A Marketing Proposal in Starting a Business: Bread Haven† I. Purpose and Mission A. Introduction One may find difficulty to think of a food more vital and more universal other than bread. Bread, as one of our oldest food and best source of carbohydrates Premium8308 Words34 Pages Panera Bread Company Panera Bread Company Group D Monday and Wednesday 11:00-12:15 Anthony Allen, Laura Blakeman, Daniel DeMaiolo, Carla Hill, and Mason Shattuck Industry Analysis: Dominant Economic Features Definition of Full-Service Restaurant Industry According to the United States Census Bureau, Panera Premium13223 Words53 Pages Panera Bread Strategy Running head: PANERA BREAD CASE Title: Panera Bread Strategy Ron Johnson March 1, 2009 Southwestern College Professional Studies Abstract This case study is about Panera Bread Company and its strategy it wishes to employ to become the best brand name of fresh bread in the United States. Pa Premium1226 Words5 Pages Morton: a Brand Worth Its Reputation in Salt Introduction If asked to recall five seasonings in their mom’s, or even their grandma’s, cabinets during their childhood, atop of most people’s list would almost indefinitely include Morton Salt. For many Americans, Morton Salt is arguably as much of an iconic American brand name as automobi Premium1039 Words5 Pages Panera Bread Business Strategy This paper is about Panera Bread Company and the strategy it employs to become the best brand name of fresh bread in the United States. Panera Bread specializes in providing fresh goods, made-to-order sandwiches, salads, soups, custom roasted coffees and other cafe beverages. The company generates r Premium1371 Words6 Pages Swot Analysis of Giordano 1. A great dish that will go with that after-office beer, this corned tuna fishcakes with remoulade will be your perfect bet. Ingredients: 1 can San Marino Corned Tuna 1 egg 2 tbsps flour 1/2 cup red bell pepper diced 2 tbsps minced spring onions 1 white onion diced 2 cloves garlic, minced Premium2893 Words12 Pages Documents 1 20 of 775 |Go to Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 39 Previous | Next Search

a 1000 mile drive in the wrong direction :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As of late I have been feeling an immense hole in my life. My life journey feels as if it is nothing than a jumbled-up mess of confusion, heartbreak, betrayal, and lies. So with a life full of loss, like any normal college student would do, I joined the pity-party bandwagon and felt sorry for myself. In my â€Å"destined to roam the earth alone and useless† state I was positive there was nothing that would ever change my dreary outlook on life. I read a few books, prayed like crazy, talked to my parents, and even broke-down and sought advice from my crazy teenage sisters, but nothing changed. Alas a light glimmered though the dark mood I was in, and there was a sliver lining of hope on the distant horizon. That light was Waldorf’s very own Pastor Char.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m not going to lie to you (and I don’t think pastor Char will be opposed to me telling the truth) -I went to her in desperation. I don’t know what it is about the â€Å"pastor† title, but I guess you just assume that they will instantly make everything better. Alas my assumptions failed me, Pastor Char did not have an answer to all the problems consuming my life or magic prayer that cured everything ailing me, but she did have a good dose of something that I think a lot of people need-honesty. I know it sounds crazy, but Pastor Char does not know everything. Fortunately she does have great insight, and I as I have found that I am not the only one in a bit of a faith struggle I have decided to share what I found with you. Bad advice is still advice, so take it for what it is and enjoy my pearls of knowledge (with a little help form Pastor Char). There are several times when the Bible talks about God sending people into the wilderness for some sort of faith journey. As I understand it, some poor lost soul wanders into the woods to find a new relationship with God, and wham bam thank you Ma'am, they’re healed. I read a bunch of these â€Å"wilderness journey† stories and, well to be honest I thought they were crap- I know I am in dangerous territory at a Christian college, but no worries my skeptic friends†¦I will vindicate my harsh accusations. My problem lies in the journey, or lack there of.

Let’s Go to the Beach Essay

It was summer, last year; in July 15th the hotter day of the season made me took to my young son, my niece, and my mom to the beach. It was noon, when I noticed that my mom to come from Mexico who was visiting me for some months was getting bore at home. Because she loves to be in Mexico, when she visited me I have to do fun thinks to extend her stay with me. Thinking what should I do to make her happy I had a great idea come to me and I told them â€Å"let’s go to the beach†. Without hesitation my mom said â€Å"yes†. I asked my ten years old son and my fourteen years old niece if they could help me to hold her because my mom’s troubles to walk alone. With a very blue sky, hot and yellow sun and the kid’s support with my mom I thought that it would be a perfect day to take my mom to the beach. My mom and I would not expect that going to the beach at a beautiful day, in a blink we will be terrified and involved others to spoil their beautiful day too. Planning to have a perfect day at Seascape Beach Resort, I learn that by my mistake inadvertence the brighter day, would become in a nightmare turning our day in a darkness day. After to invite my family to the beach, quickly I had to package some staff that we need to spend all day at the beach. I gave to my niece some appropriately cloths to go to the beach, my son wore his sandals, short and a light t shirt. Faster, I dressed a short and sandals too but my mom who though that she won’t get wet to the beach, she did not want to change her beautiful light green pants and her write blouse that she was wearing. After we changed our clothes, I got four towels, my sunglasses, and a cap. As my purpose was to stay six hours at the beach, I made some sandwiches, water bottlers I cut a sweet watermelon, a cantaloupe, and bananas. Having it, I tough it is all that we need to get fun at the beach. Exited to be at the beach, my mom and the kids were into my car happily where my mom was in the font, my niece and my son on the back sets. Taking the 101 north highway, I drove to the road of the Seascape Beach Resort. While I was driving, we were listening Spanish music to made my mom felt much more relax. Even though the day was hot we were happy because I turned the air condition in and there was not traffic and we laughed, joked each other, and we talked about the beautiful day that we would expected to have. After twenty minutes driving, we arrived to the parking lot As I worked at Seascape Beach Resort for seven years, I knew where I should park my car safety for a long time and how to get to the beach while we can enjoy the scene of the path. Getting out towels and food, I was trying to leave my cell phone in my car, when my mom saw it she told me â€Å"bring it I’ll take care of it, I won’t be wet in the beach. † Easily, she convinced me and she put my cell in her pans’ packet. Because the hotter day, anxiously my niece and my son wanted to get wet and play with the sand, so they walk faster. Feeling my niece and my son the smell of the beach, they could not wait to touch the cold water. Recently my mom got a total knee replay surgery; she was unable to walk faster as my niece and my son. Taking the path of the beach, they let my mom and me behind. Frequently, I used to take my son at this beach, so they knew the path very well that tis why I allowed them to walk quickly. Whishing this beautiful day for my mom were unforgettable we walked slowly holding my mom’s hand, enjoying the view through the beach’s path. Feeling the freshener of the green threes, getting relax with a beautiful fountains, looking at the flower gardens, and when we were close to the beach we enjoy the smell of the beach. After a few minutes with an enjoyable rode of the beach, we finally were at the beach. Before this day I took my mom to the same beach to watch the waves sitting on the beach’s bench and got refresh because her weakness of her knee. I wanted my mom has a perfect day, pampering her, I said yes for that entire she wanted without though that a nightmare will happen to us. Feeling my mom attracted to the waves and the beach’s freshness and the smell of the breeze she asked me if she could get wet her feet. â€Å"Why not†, I said her. Caring my mom shoes in my left hand and my right hand holding her, slowly, we started to walk. Felling the burner sand in our feet, we continued to walk into the wet sand. With a very beautiful blue sky, and fresh waves, my mom feet happy and relax. After, we met with my son and my niece, who were playing with the sand and getting wet with the waves; I told them â€Å"my mom wants her feet get wet, we will be walking right there to the beach†. With Disregard they said â€Å"yes† because they were very busy with the waves. A few minutes ago, still walking under the wet sand, my mom wanted her feet touch the cooler water. Feeling the coolness of the breeze, touching our face and smelling the fragrance of the beach, my mom feet got wet. Two minutes later, walking still slowly under the sand a very small wave was coming to us. Happily, my mom and I, we were waiting the wave. Suddenly, I saw a very big wave coming to us. Immediately, I told my mom: let’s go back quickly– a big wave is coming towards us†. Even though I want to walk faster, my mom was unable to do because my mom’s knee weakness. Then, the big wave reached us soon. Holding my mom’s hand she, felt down lay at the water. Because my back injured I was incapable to stand up her. Terrify, for a few seconds, and unable to help my mom, I saw some people far of us. Frighten, and desperate because my mom was in danger to be driven for more big waves that were coming to us, I was holding tightly my mom’s hand; with my other hand I made some signal wishing the American’s family help. Fortunately, they saw my hand’s signal, so they guest that we need help. Two minutes later, they were coming one by one to help us. First it was just a lady who was trying to stand up by pulling my mom, while I tried to push her, but we could not stand up her. Soon, they were four more people who arrived to get her up. Thankfully to the kindly family help, by my negligence to allow my niece and my son to separate of my mom instead of held them to be close to my mom while she waked I spoiled the beautiful day to this family also. My mom, totally wet and dirty her light green pants and white blouse when her shoes were driven by the waves too, finally, we got my mom up. Immediately, the kindly family called to Seascape beach life guard to be sure that my mom was not injured. Because she was shaking for the tragedy and the cold water friendly, they sat her down in one of their chair that they had, trying to calm down, cleaning and drying, her with their big new towels that they had. Pampering my mom and waiting for the safe guard they frequently, need me, to asked her if she was fine because my mom cannot speak any English word. After twenty minutes of my mom’s tragedy I remembered that my son and my niece also were there. Still trembling I told the family members that there were two kids with us. Then, my son and my niece were called by one lady of this family witch let they know about my mom tragedy. Generously, around half an hour, my mom was pampering by this family while we were still waiting for the life guard, such us surrounding her, warming, hugging, and trying to make her safe outside the water. A few minutes later, the life guard came to us, when in detail, the family explained to the guy all about my mom’s accident and telling the guy about my mom’s recently knee surgery. Immediately, her blood pressure, her knee surgery, and everything of my mom were examined by the safe guard. Patiently, they helped her to ride the big truck when she was transported the outside of the beach. They also arranged with the bell men to give us a shuttle to my car because my mom’s shoes were missing, even though the bell boy was known to me because we were co-workers. Helplessness, how as humans bad things can happened and we cannot help ourselves, so we just ask others for help. Luckily, the generosity of this family save my mom to be browned at the beach, this nightmare taught me that they are some places when should I not take my mom by myself. Even though I have been giving the best care at my home for a long time, with my mom’s back, hip, and knee problems and her seven and eight years old and my back problem it was my big mistake to took her to the beach alone. With our short stance and bad experience at the beach, we back inside my car quite grateful with the American family who save my mom life.

A Difficult Child

A difficult child It is true that some children are easier to raise than others. They are happy, affectionate, sociable and self-disciplined. Others, however, can be irritable, stubborn, aggressive, and restless. Despite their parents’ great efforts, these children are difficult to deal with and to bring up. During the years, people’s opinion about children who face challenges in controlling their feelings and behavior has shifted from one point of view to another. On the one hand, the blame was placed on parents – somehow it was their fault that their children misbehave.If parents were more understanding, patient and caring, then their children would be good. This view didn’t make any sense to many parents and even put them to a cul-de-sac, because their parenting worked for one of their children, but not for other. On the other hand, the experts came to believe that difficult children are like this because of their innate makeup, they are simply born wit h certain traits, and it is not their fault. Irritability, indifference, fussiness or aggressiveness in children is seen as part of their nature, and parents have no choice but to learn to live with such traits in their child. Similar essay: Having Children While YoungIt goes without saying that, dealing with difficult children isn’t an easy task and changes to positive side require a long time. In fact, the older they grow, the more rebellious they are likely to become, that’s why it’s very important to discern the difficulties in the upbringing of the child at his early age. Moreover, parents relate to their children can make a huge difference in how youngsters feel about themselves and respond to their environment. Therefore, parents should become child’s support and encouragement.Children learn by example, they absorb all the information like sponges and the best way to promote good habits and behavior is by practicing parents by themselves. One more vital point for parents is to be more involved in child’s life, it means that family members should always keep a healthy relationship with the kid and create a comfort level that will enable him find relatives helpful an d reassuring. The last, but not less significant aspect is making child responsible for his decisions and choices, there should always be a consequence of every action, good or bad.This will make him responsible for everything he does and will require a good amount of thinking before any action is taken. I’d like to conclude by saying that â€Å"a difficult child† is not an illness or medical diagnosis, difficult children are normal, they can become positive, enthusiastic, perhaps even especially creative individuals if they are well managed when young, as well as treated with most care and love, from parents, family members, relatives, teachers or any other people around them.

buy custom Legalization of Recreational Marijuana and The Utilitarianism Theory

buy custom Legalization of Recreational Marijuana and The Utilitarianism Theory Legalization of Recreational Marijuana Introduction In this paper, I will consider whether the recreational use of marijuana is morally justified from the perspective of the utilitarianism theory. Due to the growing public concern over the scandal issue of marijuana legalization, it remains a highly uncertain issue seeking final and firm answer like the one what was the first to come, a hen or an egg. Marijuana legalization is primarily justified by utilitarianism theory that proved to be efficient and supports most of the aspects of cannabis legalization. However, this theory cannot provide strong and persuading evidence to the full extent to convince the passionate challengers of legal cannabis and leave them no chance to be able to find more counterarguments to marijuana usage and legalization. Although the base point of utilitarianism if applied to making marijuana legal provides strong support for the marijuana users, still in some perspectives they may be interpreted as be vague and doubtful, encountering various objections.

By Fredrik Erixon of the European Centre for International Political Economy

By Fredrik Erixon of the European Centre for International Political Economy Russia s command to fall in the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) , filed in 1993, has been the longest accession saga in the history of the universe trade organic structure. Yet now, after bilateral trades with the US and the European Union that secured their support for the rank command, Russia looks set to fall in the pantheon of rules-based planetary capitalist economy at some point following twelvemonth. This is welcome intelligence. Russia would profit from being portion of the WTO nine. Its exports will non acquire much of a encouragement because they are dominated by the hydrocarbons and minerals ( stand foring more than two tierces of entire exports ) and they are already traded at zero or really low duties. But Russia will profit from lower monetary values of imported consumer and industrial goods, and, hopefully, from an addition in foreign direct investing ( FDI ) . If the Kremlin besides decides to follow the WTO regulation book, rank will assist to restrain Russia s fickle trade policy, particularly its regular descents into protectionism. Naturally, that would be of value for exporters to Russia ( and for importers of Russian goods, excessively, as Russia on a regular basis uses export revenue enhancements ) , but the biggest donee would be Russia itself. The biggest casualty of protectionism is ever the state that imposes such steps. Other states would profit from Russian WTO rank through a decrease in duties mean duties will travel down from 12-14 per centum to around 8 per centum and from an betterment in their predictability. The sectors that will profit specifically from a decrease in duties are civil aircraft, building, agricultural and scientific equipment, and medical devices. Russia will necessitate to present greater transparence ( and less favoritism ) in its system for merchandise criterions, licences and other alleged non-tariff barriers ( NTBs ) . Furthermore, sectors dependent on rational belongings, such as chemicals and biotechnology, will profit from holding resort to the WTO s agreement on rational belongings rights ( TRIPS ) to train Russia s shambolic IPR policy. Finally, foreign Bankss and insurance houses will be granted bigger chances to make concern in Russia. But there are besides hazards and downsides to holding Russia as member of the WTO. The biggest hazard is that the Kremlin will merely ignore opinions against Russia in the dispute-settlement system, the anchor of the WTO. As the WTO itself can non implement opinions that require policy alteration in a state, the system requires that states respect the authorization of the dispute-settlem ent organic structure and that bigger and more powerful states avoid playing power games with smaller states over opinions. The instance for esteeming opinions is simple: it is in everyone s involvement that states adhere to hold regulations. The failing is the same as for all systems that depend on enlightened involvement for a common good: some may liberate drive on the system in the belief that it benefits them, at least in the short term. And if some are free-riding, others will follow. And the system will unknot. This hazard is underlined by Russia s recent history of flashing international understandings ( and, as in the instance of the Energy Charter Treaty, retreating from understandings ) in the belief that no 1 would hold the bravery to contend the Kremlin to the acrimonious terminal. Russian rank will besides add a new bed of troubles for WTO dialogues, like the current Doha Round. Russia will be portion of the protectionist wing of the rank and will defy in countries that are cardinal to universe trade today and in future, like liberating up services trade, cutting ruddy tape that prevents trade, and restricting the freedom to subsidise domestic houses at the disbursal of foreign rivals. It will besides implement the resistance to turn toing old issues, like cut downing or extinguishing duties on consumer and industrial goods. Russia s fabrication sector is weak it merely represents 6-7 per centum of Russia s export and suffers from the Dutch disease: the heavy trust on hydrocarbon exports have pushed the existent exchange rate to such a grade that the fabrication sector has suffered. Many industries are saddled with old Soviet engineerings, and they survive on subsidies and boundary line protectionism. There are positive marks that Russia is acute to alter its economic theoretical account. The new Kremlin rhetoric on modernisation and the denationalization plans suggest that energy and state-based economic dictatorship is on a downward tendency. The new morning in its rank command for the WTO is besides a good mark. But the marks are far excessively few to be cheerful about Russian economic policy. Like earlier, optimism over the WTO accession can shortly switch to pessimism. The old theoretical account is entrenched in the Kremlin economic mind and there are many powerful figures that dislike the thought of being constrained by international understandings or increased foreign competition. President Medvedev has now secured the support from the US and the European Union for its WTO command. Now he needs to take the battle with Kremlin co-workers and oligarchs. That may go a far bigger job. Fredrik Erixon is manager of the European Centre for International Political Economy ( ECIPE ) , an economic think armored combat vehicle based in Brussels

Reasons for doing volunteer work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reasons for doing volunteer work - Essay Example Nupur (2008) stated that volunteers possess great energy, optimistic attitude and big hearts. Working with such people and witnessing less fortunate lives gives one the opportunity to improve one’s perception and attitude towards life. This opportunity makes one appreciate small things in life, rather than complaining over petty problems. According to i to i Volunteering (n.d.) stated that alongside changing one’s perception of life, individuals gain experience in different professions and management areas; for example, working for a shelter home may give one the experience of making meals for hundreds of people or managing a fund raising event may give the opportunity to improve management skills. Volunteer work may demand occasional travelling to foreign countries that gives one the chance of learning about the traditions and customs of another culture. Therefore, it can be stated that volunteer work has many personal, as well as communal reasons for attracting people towards

Finances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finances - Essay Example These subsidiary companies are engaged in a wide range of business activities. The main ones are primary insurance and reinsurance business. Over the years it has acquired a myriad of subsidiaries engaged in diverse business operations like utilities and energy (MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company), manufacturing-service-retailing (Marmon group), wholesale distribution & logistics (McLane), jewelry (Ben Bridge Chain), carpets (Shaw Industries), bricks & boots (Justin Industries). The insurance (both primary and reinsurance) business is through more than sixty national and overseas enterprises. Berkshire being primarily in insurance business in effect means that the premium for undertaking risk generates cash which is available for investment when the opportunity knocks. The reputation of Mr. Buffet has been built over the years is due to the fact that he has been consistent in picking winning opportunities by and large. This translates into the fact that almost of the business acquisitions turn out to be profit making ones, which in turn swell the coffers of Berkshire to be ready to invest. Contrary to expectations and common belief, Berkshire does not invest by only trading in stock i.e., picking stock at low price and selling, but also by investing in the businesses and earning through their operations. â€Å"For some sellers Berkshire is a refuge, a place to land when, say, some members of a family that controls a private company want cash and others wish to keep running the business. To the latter Buffett promises independence and respect and then--barring some irreconcilable problem that just has to be dealt with--delivers on the commitment. "We dont have any MBAs running around telling these people what to do," Buffett says. "And God knows I wouldnt know what to tell them." To public companies that may also have a family reason for selling, or that just want to escape the cold world of regrettable stock prices, unrealistic quarterly demands, and

Impressionism Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impressionism Art - Essay Example Through the 1863-oil-on-canvas painting of â€Å"Olympia†, former realist Edouard Manet occurs to convey a personal style of exhibiting his subject of nudity which is one essential characteristic of Realism. Besides the artist’s sensual treatment of â€Å"Olympia†, the art piece may be identified as well to possess an Impressionist trait in the manner the female figure is placed at the center, seemingly far from the ideal Greek-oriented setup. For this, Manet’s work had suffered excruciating degree of criticisms from the society as it chiefly disobeyed the conventional principles of the Renaissance art. One notable detail in â€Å"Olympia† is the tailoring of the nude woman’s eyes. They evoke confidence of all that she was in a seemingly pure marble-looking complexion stroked in conflict with her portrayal of a prostitute. A black maidservant provides additional evidence by handing over a bouquet of flowers as from an admirer though the look in her eyes was traced after an accomplished harlot who would not pay immediate attention nor find meaning in such a present. On the other hand, Edgar Degas is widely acclaimed for the works â€Å"The Dance Foyer at the Opera on the Rue Le Peletier† (1872) and â€Å"The Ballet Rehearsal on Stage.† (Edgar Degas – The Complete Works). Both of these paintings depict a common theme of â€Å"dance† which Degas may be observed to have fondly dealt with in most of his accomplishments. The two crafts, likewise, project an Impressionist concept based on the significance of interior.

The Morality Play Everyman Is An Allegory Religion Essay

The Morality Play Everyman Is An Allegory Religion Essay The morality play Everyman is an allegory which carries two different levels of meaning. These two different levels of meaning are used to help the audience understand the author and the society in which he lives. The content of this play also helps the reader to better understand the author and his culture. This portrays how each character, idea, moral issue, and ideology of the era is personified. The original audiences of this era understood the role of religion in their lives. They also greatly believed in the reality of death, heaven, hell, and an afterlife. Everyman has three main characters. They are Everyman, Good Deeds, and Knowledge. They play essential roles for the reader to better understand how the author feels society views its way of life. The play Everyman has a literal meaning of an individual named Everyman who goes on a journey to the end of his life and tries to get his friends to accompany him along the way. On Everymans voyage, Good Deeds is the only one who can accompany him into death, and he is the only character that is able to linger with him before the presence of God. Since Knowledge can only lead Everyman to Good Deeds, Knowledge cannot accompany him all the way on his journey before God. Humanity can take this at a literal level in that your friends are influences in your life that help to sway your decisions, but not all will go to the same resting place in death. Now, symbolically Everyman is, of course, the representation of every human being alive. The other basic characters like Fellowship and Goods for ex ample are supposed to be of what every man, so to say, has in life. Some of these basic characters are there to help find lifes true meaning and the fulfillment in things that will last. The moral of the story becomes clear in that we need to examine now what in the end will truly prove to be of value. There are also a set of ideas that are laid out by the author. These ideas are the central propose of the play. One theme or idea indicates that man will always be betrayed by worldly companions, and that each man is eventually selfish when it comes down to the end. This idea of betrayal sheds light on a principle specific to this theme and forces the character Everyman to seek out a superior truth. The superior truth being that death itself is impending, and to be considered the most fear-provoking experience that man will face. This is the fear that according to this culture would make a man need more time because he was not ready for death, and in addition be made to consider his life and deeds. Another theme or idea focuses on the inventible separation or division from loved ones when in the judgment of your lifes actions. This gives the audience the notion that a man is never more alone than during his time of death. Now, the idea that follows is also important for the author an d he wants society to recall this belief. This is when Everyman is feeling most terrified and without help, he is given the chance to compensate for his actions. Still the author perceives that death is unconquerable and that it does not spare any one. The story Everyman seeks to answer the important moral issues. Such as, the conflict between good and evil is drawn out into the open by the communication between characters. This play shows us not only how every man should meet death but also how every man should live. It is saying that how a man lives his life,  whether  good or evil, he would be judged based on his deeds and that all the material things in life cannot grant you salvation. The cultural accounting belief in this society, it is a man and his good deeds that will offer access to heaven. Thus once again, it is only Good Deeds who can accompany Everyman on his final journey. When faced with Gods judgment, mans riches, the unsavory reputation of his friends, and the significance of his family will not speak for his worth. Only the good deeds that a man does here on earth can speak for him before God. Accordingly, good deeds are more important than faith in achieving salvation in this society. The ideology of the play Everyman was intended to help reinforce the importance of God and religion in peoples lives during this time period. In this play, God represents salvation, but it is religion that provides the means to achieve that salvation. This particular drama of the medieval period focus is how religion and a belief in God will help man overcome any travail, including death. Although God appears as a character only at the beginning of the play, his presence is felt throughout as Everyman begins to recognize his need for help beyond the earthly realm. Now, sin is the motivation for this play. It is sin that angers God in the play. It is Everymens sins that force his final judgment. He has sinned much in his life, and the audience is told that his sins are so great that Good Deeds is at a standstill. Only when he can be aware of and abandon his sins can Everyman be saved. I feel that the play Everyman can still be seen and read today with the same ideas and values that existed during the Middle Ages. When you talk to people in everyday life you see their values and morals are all based off of how they live and interact with others. Also when you bring up the concept of death to anyone they normal speak as if they have a life time of waiting before death will come to them and how they will in old age get prepared for death. The morality play Everyman is a drama which has a religious meaning. This meaning is brought to the surface in a symbolic way. This is used to describe the author and the cultural beliefs in which he wrote about. The play portrayed how each character, idea, moral issue, and ideology of the era and how it came to life. This is one of the ways that audiences of this era understood the role of religion in their lives. .

Twelve Angry Men :: Essays Papers

Twelve Angry Men In the story "Twelve Angry Men", Reginald Rose shows how making one's own decisions is one very important aspect in life. He also showed that one's decisions should not be impeded by stereotypes. I believe that the jury reached the right verdict because the witnesses were disproven along with all of the evidence. The first reason is that the witnesses were proven to be wrong. For example, there was an el train passing by the old man's window at the time of the murder. He couldn't have been able to hear the murder taking place. The old man was not as much of a reliable source as he was originally thought to be. In addition, the woman that lived across the street from the boy did not wear her glasses to bed the night of the murder. She couldn't have been able to know for a fact that the boy was the real murderer. The woman's testimony is not strong enough to condemn the boy to death. With the two key witnesses having been discredited, the case against the boy was very weak. The other reason is that the evidence was proven to be not as significant as it was once thought to be. For example, Juror Eight bought a knife exactly like the one used in the murder. The original knife was not as special or unique as it was portrayed to be in the trial. Any person could have bought a knife just like the original one and used it to murder the father. Furthermore, Juror Two said that he thought that the stab wound was too high up for the boy to have inflicted. Someone taller than the boy must have committed the murder. With the new ideas that are being brought up by the jurors, the boy seems to become a less likely suspect.

Caca pupu

They will record all personal information such address, height, weight, physical characteristics and much more. The next step, after processing the delinquent, is to place a bail or bond on the person. In Ms. Watson case, she will probably have to wait to see the Judge the next morning to determine whether or not placing a bail or bond on her is an alternative. This decision often depends on the severity of the crime. After the bail or bond has been placed, it will be followed by the arraignment. An arraignment is the first appearance an offender will have in court.It is here where they go from being a suspect to being a defendant in a criminal case. During the arraignment, the Judge reads the criminal charges bestowed upon the offender, and makes sure the offender understand them. If at that moment the accused does not have a lawyer, present or hired, the Judge will offer to provide one appointed by the court. In our case of study, during this audience Ms. Watson will be told that s he is being charged with possession of a controlled substance with intent of distribute, and the Judge will ask her if she understands the charges.The arraignment is followed by the plea bargaining. As we studied during the course of this class and, in my case in particular, in my mini paper 2, about 95% of cases are disposed by plea bargaining every year. In this case Ms. Watson has the opportunity to plea bargaining to lesser he charges; however, for the purpose of this paper I will state that Ms. Watson does not wish to plea bargaining and request criminal trial. After plea bargaining, comes the preliminary hearing. In this process, the prosecutor tries to convince the Judge that there is enough evidence to demonstrate that a crime was committed.It is at this stage of the case when the prosecutor will prove to the Judge that Ms. Watson committed the crime of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute. A criminal trial follows after the preliminary hearing has taken place. If Ms. Watson is not satisfied with any plea deals offered to her, she would go to a criminal trial where a Jury decides her fate. During the course of this trail the prosecution must prove beyond any reasonable doubt to the Jury that Ms. Watson committed the crime.The last step in the process is the sentencing. If an offender plead guilty or was found guilty by a Jury, he or she will be sentenced according to the severity of the crime committed. Here is where Ms. Watson will be sentenced for committing the crime of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute. The mandatory minimum sentences pertaining to federal narcotics locations have been object of many criticisms. In 1991 the United States Sentencing Commission released a document with the mandatory minimum requirements.The statutes described in the aforementioned document were widely criticized because they were considered unjustifiable in some cases were the offender had minimum participation a nd were barely over the statutory floor (Lynch, 2001). However, in this particular study case, is demonstrated that Ms. Watson was part of a crime that triggered a five to ten year mandatory minimum because she was in possession of a significant amount of cocaine. The sentence that Ms. Watson will probably receive is institutionalizing. A charge of possession of crack cocaine with intent to distribute is a very serious offence in all the states of the U.S. We have to consider many factors for this charge and sentence, such as the criminal history of the offender, the possibility of someone getting hurt, the psychological background of the accused and others. Because Ms. Watson already had a warrant for her arrest, which makes us think that she had a criminal history, I believe that she should receive a sentence of seven to ten years in prison without the possibility of parole. Crack cocaine is lassie as a Schedule II drug, which means it is highly addictive. Thousands of Americans d ie each year because of this drug, especially young people.How can we expect someone to reenter society or reduce recidivism if we don't help them gain a helpful skill before they are released from prison? Most of the inmate population originates from the lowest social strata of the country, and have only experienced low quality education, poverty, substance abuse, mental health and many other social issues. If we invest time and reform the educational programs offered in the prison system, we could improve rehabilitation outcomes and as a consequence the number of recidivism cases will drop drastically.Making a mistake is human, rehabilitating someone and preventing them from going back to prison is wise. What's the strongest link in the criminal Justice system? I think that plea bargaining is the strongest link of the criminal Justice system. Because new state and federal laws have hardened sentencing for criminals, prosecutors have gained greater power to get guilty pleas from de fendants, and reduce the number of cases that go to trial. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2003 there were 75,573 cases disposed of in federal district court by trial or plea. Of these, about 95 percent were disposed by plea bargaining.While there are no exact estimates of the proportion of cases that are resolved through plea bargaining, scholars estimate that about 90 to 95 percent of both federal and state court cases are resolved through this process (Divers, 2011, p. 3). It is an effective system when dealing with overcrowded courts, and the lengthy expensive processes. Besides, prosecutorial discretion usually finds a way to avoid dramatic injustices. During the course of this class I learned a lot about the American criminal Justice system. I could understand a little better the complexity of the system as a whole.

East Asian Economic Miracle

During 1960 to 1990, East Asia experienced a huge transformation in its economic development which is now widely referred to as the East Asian economic miracle. This was largely a result of the growth of eight economies known as the high-performing Asian economies, hereinafter HPAEs. These comprised Japan, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, and the three newly industrialised economies (NIEs) which were Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Prior to the 1960s, tensions between the regional powers were relatively high, which was evidently the result of several major events including the Sino-Japanese war, the wars between Japan and Russia and Japan and Korea and the invasion and colonisation of certain regions. After 1960, however, a radical adjustment in the interactions between these regional powers developed, arguably as a result of the creation of organisations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. This illustrates a significant relaxation of tensions which effectively promoted economic, social and cultural co-operation between the member states. 1] Nevertheless, the extent to which such tensions have diminished is questionable, especially in light of the effects of both the Cold War and the Korean and Vietnamese wars. In order to develop a valuable analysis which documents the political implications of the East Asian economic miracle, it is first necessary to briefly outline the precedi ng tensions which existed in order to measure the extent to which tensions subsequently relaxed. Prior to 1960, relations between China and Japan were undoubtedly hostile. In 1964, China fought Japan in the Sino-Japanese war over the control of Korea which resulted in the Japanese acquisition of Taiwan and the Liaodong province and the independence of Korea. In 1931 Japan had invaded Manchuria and was in occupation of this area by 1933. During this period atrocities such as the Nanking Massacre took place which exacerbated tensions between Japan and China. In 1905 Japan and Russia were at war, and in 1910 Japan had colonised Korea which significantly contributed to regional tensions in East Asia. Nevertheless, in the post-World War II era, most of the colonised egions in East Asia had become independent which arguably created the conditions for regional cooperation. However, when East Asia became engulfed in the Cold War, further tensions emerged between China and Japan. In addition, this also resulted in the creation of North and South Korea, and the Vietnamese civil war. Thus, these major events resulted in hostile tensions between the East Asian reg ional powers, which are arguably still visible today. During the 1940s, relations between Japan and other East Asian regions appeared to deteriorate, particularly as a result of the Japanese creation of the East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Arguably, this seemed to enhance relations in East Asia by unifying the region and marking ‘the end of European control. ’[2] However, this was not a universally held opinion as many regarded this as political propaganda which served merely to disguise Japanese aggression and its underlying agenda for imperial domination[3]. It seems that it was not until the 1960s that relations between Japan and the South East Asian regions began to improve. Thus, the period between 1965 and 1975 ‘saw the maturing of Japan’s own economic position and the beginning of Japan’s large scale investment in the region. [4] Arguably, Japan realised the need for co-operation with the South-East Asian regions in order to take advantage of crucial raw materials such as rubber and oil. Consequently, Asia became the largest recipient of Japan’s manufacturing investment which resulted in large economic development in the South-East. Throughout this time of development, Sou th-East Asia introduced many tariffs and inducements in order to encourage domestic industrialisation and enhance relations throughout Asia. This large scale investment not only initiated rapid economic development, but it also highlighted the necessity of shared growth across the East Asian regions. As a result, east Asian leaders formally established the principle of shared growth, declaring that if the economy expanded all groups would benefit[5]. However, in light of the numerous stages involved in implementing such policies, serious coordination problems emerged. For example, it was first necessary for all the leaders to get initial support from economic elites and then to persuade them that it was necessary to share the benefits of his growth with the poor and middle classes. Secondly, it was essential to get the co-operation of the poor and middle classes by demonstrating how they would benefit from this growth. This was seen in Korea and Taiwan where comprehensive land reform was carried out, in Indonesia where rice and fertiliser price policies were used to raise rural incomes, in Malaysia where wealth sharing po licies were introduced, and in Hong Kong and Singapore where huge public housing programs were implemented. [6] Nevertheless, during this establishment of shared growth in East Asia the relations between the South-East regions continued to improve, and in 1967 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was created. Its founding members were Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia. After 1995, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia also joined. ASEAN’s initial objectives can be summarised as follows: to ‘alleviate intra-ASEAN tensions, to reduce the regional influence of external actors, and to promote the socioeconomic development of its member states as a further hedge against Communist insurgency. [7] It is important to note that its creation had followed recent hostile relations between the South-East Asian powers, partly as a result of Indonesia’s confrontation with the new state of Malaysia, and the Philippines’ claim over the Malaysian state of Sabah. [8] Therefore it was an important step forward in the co-operation of these regional powers in which shared development could be promoted. In 1976, ASEAN adopted the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) which called for ‘signatories to commit to â€Å"non-interference in the internal affairs of one another†, a â€Å"renunciation of the threat or use of force† and the settlement of disputes by â€Å"peaceful means†. ’[9] The signing of the TAC was a major attempt in further uniting the South East Asian regions and establishing an effective agenda for the political development of the ASEAN countries. Thus, it effectively created additional foundations for the cooperation in the economical development of the ASEAN region. In 1977, the Agreement on ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTA) was signed in a bid to promote intra- ASEAN trading. Therefore, the PTA prescribed the use of a range of preferential tariffs, export credit support using preferential interest rates and long term quantity contracts. Nevertheless, the extent to which this agreement was effective is questionable. For example, it seems that some of the product groups that received preferential treatment often had little importance as imports. [10] As a result, it was agreed that the â€Å"ASEAN content requirement† should be reduced in order to allow preference margins to be increased. Furthermore, it was thought this would encourage negotiation of the reduction of non-tariff measures between ASEAN countries. [11] This resulted in three agreements[12] in which the primary objective was to boost the industrial cooperation between ASEAN countries. Subsequently, the TAC and other intra-ASEAN trading initiatives seemed to reduce tensions between the South-East regions, although it should be noted that intra-ASEAN trading accounted for only a small percentage of total ASEAN trade as most countries relied heavily on the export of primary goods to Japan and the USA. In addition, as trade became increasingly competitive it appears that trade relations also became more aggressive and hostile. However, it has been suggested that in the early development of the ASEAN, it ‘deliberately deemphasised the goals of political and military collaboration’[13] in order to avoid exacerbating opposition from communist led countries such as China. Consequently, many East Asia regions came to recognise that a market friendly strategy would be an effective way of enhancing the strength of their economies whereby governments would provide adequate investments in people. Furthermore, this would result in a competitive climate for private enterprise, allow the economy to remain open for international trade and maintain a stable macroeconomy. [14] Many of these policies were implemented in east Asian regions in order to promote economic development at a successful rate, combined with selective intervention in order to guide private-sector resource allocation. This created a competitive environment with the benefits of co-operation between the government and private sector. 15] In 1992 ASEAN leaders endorsed the idea of an ASEAN free trade area (AFTA) which would gradually lift the tariffs for manufactured goods produced by these members in order to enhance ASEAN economic cooperation. The AFTA would remove barriers to trade and investment and therefore also present an incentive for foreign investment. However, the AFTA did not fully achieve its objectives due to pre-existing low tariffs, and therefore only very few intra-ASEAN traders took advantage of the reduced tariffs. [16] Consequently, it seems that there were only minor noticeable improvements in relations in the ASEAN. However, in Northeast Asia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China there was a massive economic development during the ‘East Asian Economic Miracle’ period. By the 1960s many regarded Japan as having a relatively mature industrialised economy in comparison with other East Asian countries. [17] During the 1950s and 1960s the idea emerged that Japan should use the flying geese model to support other Asian countries in their development. As a result, other regions would be able to replicate Japan’s developmental experience and adapt it to their own regions. For example, manufacturing with lower skill rates were transferred from Japan and invested into lower performing economies. Thus, by utilising Japan’s economic development experiences, combined with the major Japanese investment in other East Asian regions, the basis for regional economic cooperation was created. Prior to the development experienced by South Korea and Taiwan, both countries had possessed high trade deficits. It was only with the combination of heavy investment from Japan and aid received from the U. S. that they were able to offset these trade deficits and sustain high levels of investment. 18] This was achieved partly as a result of the South Korean and Taiwanese governments engaging in import substitution, which meant that instead of relying on importing nondurable consumer goods, they manufactured these products domestically. This was a highly successful strategy, and in order to further develop their market economies they switched to an export orientated s trategy following Japan’s example. This success has been shared with other export orientated economies which have achieved higher rates of growth in comparison to those countries that have pursued an import substitution strategy. Thus, despite the fact that tensions may have initially increased as a result of competitive economic relationships between Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, arguably the result has been a significant relaxation of regional tensions. In addition, powerful government agencies have also been instrumental in determining the tone of regional relations, as is evident from an analysis of policies implemented by South Korea’s Economic Planning Board, Taiwan’s council for Economic Planning and Development, Taiwan’s and South Korea’s model agency and Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The MITI have many useful policy tools, including the power to screen foreign investment and regulate foreign exchange. Their main objective was to maintain national independence in industries such as energy, steel, computer and telecommunications, etc. whereby they attempted to guide firms towards what was termed ‘sunrise’ industries which included electronics and information systems. Thus, Japanese firms were encouraged to improve their technological capabilities and relocate industries where national competitiveness was declining, such as in Taiwan and South Korea. These industries tended to have high labour intensity, therefore by transferring these industries Japan was able to avoid increasing labour costs. Throughout this period of development Japan also provided Taiwan and South Korea with some of the necessary machinery and components which was essential for their industrialisation. Consequently, South Korea was recognised as the most successful of the East Asian regions, and in 1996 South Korea was ranked as the twelfth largest economy in the world. 19] Taiwan has also experienced remarkable success in terms of the growth of its economy and has achieved a decrease in inequality of income. The ratio of incomes between the top twenty percent of households to those of the lowest twenty percent was estimated to be 20. 47 in 1953 which subsequently decreased to 5. 33 in 1964 where this figure has remained stable since, and has only risen slightly over time. [20] Both of these economies have experienced successful development in implementing th e same growth strategies seen in Japan. With the effective use of foreign investments, improved technologies, government policies and agencies, South Korea and Taiwan have advanced their economies and become major competitors in the global economy. Thus, as a result of the aid and guidance received from Japan, relations between these regions have undoubtedly improved. Throughout the ‘economic miracle’ many of the East Asian regions received foreign investment from the U. S. and Japan. Western investment was viewed y some as part of a wider effort to build opposition against the communist-led countries within East Asia, such as the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Therefore the PRC sought investment from other countries with similar political ideology, such as the Soviet Union who were able to provide loans, technology and advisors in order for the PRC to improve its communication infrastructure and heavy industrial foundation. [21] Nonetheless, by the late 1970s the PRC had not achieved its initial goa ls and its economy was unstable. In the early 1980s the PRC government changed its strategy in order to achieve economic development by liberalising the economy. Therefore, the government began deemphasising the need for central planning and encouraging local initiatives, and later began to follow the models set by the East Asian regions that had already shown significant development. Consequently, the PRC opened its economy to foreign investment, technology and trade which ultimately strengthened its economic performance. Before the 1980s, relations between the PRC and other East Asian nations had been hostile, particularly as a result of their conflicting political ideologies. It may be argued, however, that after this boost in its economical development, relations between the PRC and other East Asian regions began to relax as a result of the increase in the cooperation of these regions. Nevertheless, some commentators argue that the PRC increased tensions as a result of its economic growth which encouraged competitive relations. Similarly, some security study texts indicate that the strengthening of the PRC resulted in moves to convert its economic power into political-military power. [22] Thus, it is questionable whether the development of the PRC’s economy merely exacerbated tensions with other East Asian regions in light of a perceived military threat. After the East Asian economic miracle, the introduction of ASEAN plus three (APT) has been recognised as significantly increasing regionalism within East Asia. Although not an official organisation, it is a basic framework for East Asian cooperation which has enabled the integration of the East Asian regions whereby the policy of mutual dependence is prioritised. Furthermore, after the Asian financial crisis in 1997, it seems that there have been further calls for the enhancement of East Asian cooperation which subsequently led to recent suggestions for the establishment of an East Asian Free Trade Area (EAFTA). However, it should be stressed that the creation of such an agreement will be difficult to achieve unless further policies can be implemented to support such a move, for example, an increase in sub regional agreements and bilateral FTAs. [23] However, it should also be noted that in 2001 it was announced that ASEAN and China would establish their own FTA before 2010 which suggests that the prospects of an EAFTA being established are not altogether slim. Thus, it is evident that there have been dramatic improvements in East Asian relations as a result of the increased economic cooperation. Nevertheless, as the APT group consists of both advanced market economies and less developed economies many tensions continue to exist which is arguably compounded by the existence of the conflicting political ideologies in countries such as the PRC and Vietnam. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the East Asian Economic Miracle has transformed East Asia’s economies whereby many East Asian countries have now confirmed their position as major contenders in the global market. Throughout this period the HPAEs have grown at a faster rate than most other developing countries in the world. This has been a result of numerous factors, but in particular it seems that this success is largely attributable to the regionalism that has occurred across East Asia. It seems that relations between the East Asian regions have rapidly developed, especially as ‘those countries that have adopted a â€Å"trading strategy† have tended to outperform others that have given primacy to the ideas of military assertiveness and territorial control. [24] Thus, in order to compete in an increasingly global environment, it has proved to be essential to minimise military conflicts and establish trade relationships that will benefit the region as a whole. Many of the HPAEs have taken note of Japan’s developmental example, and accordingly, each have similar economic characteristics. Arguably, this has been instrumental in enabling organisations such as the ASEAN to emer ge, as well as encouraging the implementation of many major policies which have enhanced intra trade relations. Nonetheless, a deeper level of analysis reveals that major tensions continue to exist within East Asia, such as the North Korean threat, Japanese tensions with its neighbours and disputes between China and South Korea regarding historical legacies. Nevertheless, it seems that the cooperation and shared development which has resulted from the East Asian economic miracle has, at the very least, created the foundations for progressive trade relations in the future.